Comprehension
Guide students to read with purpose and understanding using our Comprehension resources. Combined our resources help students learn to make connections, organize their thinking, cite evidence, discuss text effectively, and interpret visual information. Practice with these various skills leads to students' deeper comprehension of increasingly complex text.
Why Use Reading A-Z for Comprehension Resources
Reading A-Z's Comprehension resources support students' learning beyond Foundational Skills and give students the tools necessary to switch from learning to read to reading to learn.
How to Use Comprehension Resources
Use Comprehension resources to introduce skills to your whole class, for direct and explicit re-teaching of a skill, or for deep exploration of a key question through close reading.
Other Comprehension Resources
Other resources in Reading A-Z also emphasize comprehension skills. Each Leveled Book lesson and Trade Book Lesson along with lessons for most Fiction Series contain reading comprehension and strategy instruction.
Literature Circles help students practice comprehension skills during independent reading time, apply those skills using their Literature Circle Journals for individual books, and analyze their understanding through group discussions.
Comprehension Quick Check Quizzes that accompany Leveled Books, Trade Book Lessons and most Serial Books assess student understanding of the text read.
Reading Strategies
Reading is not just pronouncing words—it requires understanding. Most experienced readers use a variety of strategies to understand text. Research has shown that teachers can, and should, teach these strategies to beginning readers. The following strategies can help students understand any text in any subject.
Make Predictions
Predictions encourage active reading and keep students interested, whether or not the predictions are correct. Incorrect predictions can signal a misunderstanding that needs to be revisited. Instruct students:
- Look at the pictures, table of contents, chapter headings, maps, diagrams, and features. What subjects are in the book?
- Write down predictions about the text. During reading, look for words or phrases from those predictions.
- While reading, revise the predictions or make new ones.
Visualize
Many students think visually, using shapes, spatial relationships, movement, and colors, and can benefit greatly from this strategy. Instruct students:
- Imagine a fiction story taking place as if it were a movie. Imagine the characters' features. Picture the plot in time and space.
- Imagine processes and explanations happening visually. Use nouns, verbs, and adjectives to create pictures, diagrams, or other mental images.
- Use graphic organizers to lay out information. Make sketches or diagrams on scrap paper.
Ask and Answer Questions
Having students form their own questions helps them recognize confusion and encourages active learning. Instruct students:
- Before reading, think about the subject based on the title, chapter heads, and visual information. Make note of anything you are curious about.
- While reading, pause and write down any questions. Be sure to ask questions if there is confusion.
- Look for the answers while reading. Pause and write down the answers.
- Were all the questions answered? Could the answers come from other sources?
Retell and Summarize
Relating the text in students' own words clears up language issues. Retelling challenges them to aim for complete retention. Summarization allows students to discriminate between main ideas and minor details. Instruct students:
- During reading, note the main ideas or events. Put a check mark in the book or write a note to point out a main idea.
- At the ends of chapters or sections, review the information or story. Note main ideas or events and the details that support them.
- After reading, retell or summarize the text. Focus on the important points, and support them with relevant details.
- Refer to the book to check the retelling or summarization.
Connect the Text to Life Experiences, Other Texts, or Prior Knowledge
Connecting a text to students' experiences and knowledge helps students personalize the information. It also helps students remember information when they link it to their lives. Instruct students:
- Is the subject familiar? Do the characters resemble familiar people? Have you learned about the concept from school, home, or other experiences?
- Is the style or genre familiar? Does it resemble other texts? Television shows, movies, and games can be considered "texts."
- Write down similarities between the current text and experiences, knowledge, or other texts.
Word-Attack Strategies
Word-attack strategies help students decode, pronounce, and understand unfamiliar words. They help students attack words piece by piece or from a different angle. Model and instruct students to:
Sound Out the Word
- Start with the first letter, and say each letter-sound out loud.
- Blend the sounds together and try to say the word.
- Look at the word to make a connection between its spelling and its sounds.
- Try substituting another sound.
Look for Chunks in the Word
- Look for familiar letter chunks. They may be sound/symbols, prefixes, suffixes, endings, whole words, or base words.
- Read each chunk by itself. Then blend the chunks together and sound out the word.
Connect to a Word You Know
- Make connections to background vocabulary.
- Use a synthetic approach to phonics: decode run as /r/ /u/ /n/.
- Use an analytic approach to phonics: determine the word is run because you already know the word fun.