Building Skills
Phonics
Vowel Generalizations
Explain to children that many times they will encounter words in which, for example, a particular letter stands for another sound. When y comes at the end of a word, it is a vowel. When y is the only vowel at the end of a one-syllable word, it has the sound of a long i (as in my). When y is the only vowel at the end of a word with more than one syllable, it has the sound of a long e (as in baby). Write the words Jenny, Becky, Mandy, penny, fry, sleepy, windy, Danny, Andy, why, fly, Billy, and sky on the chalkboard or chart paper. Read the words aloud and then have children repeat them. Have them listen for the long e and long i sounds at the end of each word. Explain that there are many rules and generalizations in the English language. The y at the end of a word or name is an example of a generalization. Help children to think of other words (and names) that end with y and make the long e and long i sounds. Then write them on the chalkboard or post the rule or generalization on poster board for children to see, review, and use.
To extend the lesson, discuss other rules and generalizations, such as words ending with a silent e as in the words bake, cake, or nickname.
Word Work
Parentheses
Write the word parentheses on the chalkboard or chart paper. Explain that parentheses are punctuation marks that are used in books and in writing. Note: To ensure comprehension, post an enlarged copy of Punctuation Guidelines on the wall where children can see it during their writing activities.
Explain that parentheses are used to show supplementary material, to set off information more strongly than with commas, and in numbering or lettering a series.
Symbol Name When Used
( ) Parentheses 1. To show supplementary material.
The map (see below) is new.
2. To set off information more strongly
than with commas. Joe (the first boy) was
ready.
3. In numbering or lettering a series.
Choices: (a) a game or (b) a song.
Have children work in pairs to skim the book and look for sentences with parentheses. Have them find an example of each of the three rules and write them on a piece of paper. If children have difficulty understanding the directions, help them complete the activity. Write the examples (from the story) on the chalkboard or chart paper. Then ask children to make up sentences that use parentheses.
Go to Expand on the Reading
About Us | Samples | Help | Contact
Testimonials | Usage Policy | Site Map | Members | My Account
Home | All Books | Guided Reading | Phonics | Vocabulary | Fluency
Poetry | Alphabet | Assessment | More Resources | Order
Search | State Standards | Teacher Corner | Research